[English]

Base object(基础对象) (lv_obj)

Overview

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The 'Base Object' implements the basic properties of widgets on a screen, such as:

  • coordinates

  • parent object

  • children

  • contains the styles

  • attributes like Clickable, Scrollable, etc.

In object-oriented thinking, it is the base class from which all other objects in LVGL are inherited.

The functions and functionalities of the Base object can be used with other widgets too. For example lv_obj_set_width(slider, 100)

The Base object can be directly used as a simple widget: it's nothing more than a rectangle. In HTML terms, think of it as a <div>.


基础对象 实现了屏幕上控件的基本属性,例如:

  • 坐标

  • 父对象

  • 基于父对象的后代

  • 包含样式

  • 诸如 Clickable、Scrollable 等属性。

在面向对象的思想中,基础对象 是 LVGL 中所有其他对象都继承自的基类。

基础对象的功能可以与其他控件一起使用。 例如 lv_obj_set_width(slider, 100)

基础对象可以直接用作一个简单的控件:它只不过是一个矩形。 在 HTML 术语中,将其视为 <div>

Coordinates(坐标)

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Only a small subset of coordinate settings is described here. To see all the features of LVGL (padding, coordinates in styles, layouts, etc) visit the Coordinates page.


此处仅描述了一小部分坐标设置。要查看 LVGL 的所有功能(填充、样式中的坐标、布局等),请阅读 坐标 页面了解。

Size(大小)

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The object size can be modified on individual axes with lv_obj_set_width(obj, new_width) and lv_obj_set_height(obj, new_height), or both axes can be modified at the same time with lv_obj_set_size(obj, new_width, new_height).


可以使用 lv_obj_set_width(obj, new_width)lv_obj_set_height(obj, new_height) 设置或修改单个轴上的对象大小,或者可以同时修改两个轴,使用 lv_obj_set_size(obj, new_width, new_height) 设置或修改高度 。

Position(位置)

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You can set the position relative to the parent with lv_obj_set_x(obj, new_x) and lv_obj_set_y(obj, new_y), or both axes at the same time with lv_obj_set_pos(obj, new_x, new_y).


您可以使用 lv_obj_set_x(obj, new_x)lv_obj_set_y(obj, new_y) 设置相对于父级的位置,或者使用 lv_obj_set_pos(obj, new_x, new_y) 来同时设置两个轴的位置。

Alignment(对齐)

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You can align the object on its parent with lv_obj_set_align(obj, LV_ALIGN_...). After this every x and y setting will be relative to the set alignment mode. For example, this will shift the object by 10;20 px from the center of its parent:

lv_obj_set_align(obj, LV_ALIGN_CENTER);
lv_obj_set_pos(obj, 10, 20);

//Or in one function
lv_obj_align(obj, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 10, 20);

To align one object to another use: lv_obj_align_to(obj_to_align, obj_reference, LV_ALIGN_..., x, y)

For example, to align a text below an image: lv_obj_align_to(text, image, LV_ALIGN_OUT_BOTTOM_MID, 0, 10).

The following align types exist: image1


您可以使用 lv_obj_set_align(obj, LV_ALIGN_...) 将对象参照其父对象对齐。此后,每个 x 和 y 设置都将适用于设置对齐模式。例如,这会将对象从其父对象的中心移动 10(x),20(y) 像素:

lv_obj_set_align(obj, LV_ALIGN_CENTER);
lv_obj_set_pos(obj, 10, 20);

//Or in one function
lv_obj_align(obj, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 10, 20);

要将一个对象参照另一个对象对齐,请使用 lv_obj_align_to(obj_to_align, obj_reference, LV_ALIGN_..., x, y)

例如,让图片下方的文本参照图片对齐:lv_obj_align_to(text, image, LV_ALIGN_OUT_BOTTOM_MID, 0, 10)

存在以下对齐类型:image1

Parents and children(父母和孩子)

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You can set a new parent for an object with lv_obj_set_parent(obj, new_parent). To get the current parent, use lv_obj_get_parent(obj).

To get a specific child of a parent use lv_obj_get_child(parent, idx). Some examples for idx:

  • 0 get the child created first

  • 1 get the child created second

  • -1 get the child created last

The children can be iterated like this:

uint32_t i;
for(i = 0; i < lv_obj_get_child_count(parent); i++) {
  lv_obj_t * child = lv_obj_get_child(parent, i);
  /*Do something with child*/
}

lv_obj_get_index(obj) returns the index of the object in its parent. It is equivalent to the number of younger children in the parent.

You can bring an object to the foreground or send it to the background with lv_obj_move_foreground(obj) and lv_obj_move_background(obj).

You can change the index of an object in its parent using lv_obj_move_to_index(obj, index).

You can swap the position of two objects with lv_obj_swap(obj1, obj2).


您可以使用 lv_obj_set_parent(obj, new_parent) 为对象设置新的父级。要获取当前父级,请使用 lv_obj_get_parent(obj)

要获取父母的特定孩子,请使用 lv_obj_get_child(parent, idx)idx 的一些示例:

  • 0 获取创建的第一个子项

  • 1 获取创建的第二个子项

  • -1 获取最后创建的子项

父级的孩子们可以这样迭代:

uint32_t i;
for(i = 0; i < lv_obj_get_child_count(parent); i++) {
  lv_obj_t * child = lv_obj_get_child(parent, i);
  /*Do something with child*/
}

lv_obj_get_index(obj) 返回对象在其父对象中的索引。 它相当于父对象拥有的孩子数量。

您可以使用 lv_obj_move_foreground(obj)lv_obj_move_background(obj) 将对象带到前台或将其发移到后台。

您可以使用 lv_obj_move_to_index(obj, index) 更改对象在其父对象中的索引。

你可以用 lv_obj_swap(obj1, obj2); 交换两个对象的位置(列表框中,它可用于对列表框项目进行排序。)。

Display and Screens(显示和屏幕)

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At the highest level of the LVGL object hierarchy is the display which represents the driver for a display device (physical display or simulator). A display can have one or more screens associated with it. Each screen contains a hierarchy of objects for graphical widgets representing a layout that covers the entire display.

When you have created a screen like lv_obj_t * screen = lv_obj_create(NULL), you can make it active with lv_screen_load(screen). The lv_screen_active() function gives you a pointer to the active screen.

If you have multiple displays, it's important to know that the screen functions operate on the most recently created display or the one explicitly selected with lv_display_set_default().

To get an object's screen use the lv_obj_get_screen(obj) function.


在 LVGL 中,对象层次结构的最高级别是 display,它代表显示设备(物理显示器或模拟器)的驱动程序。 一个显示器可以有一个或多个与其相关联的屏幕。 每个屏幕都包含图形控件的对象层次结构,代表覆盖整个显示的布局。

当你创建了一个像 lv_obj_t * screen = lv_obj_create(NULL) 这样的屏幕时,你可以用 lv_screen_load(screen) 激活它。 lv_screen_active() 函数为您提供指向活动屏幕的指针。

如果您有多个显示器,重要的是要知道,最后创建的显示器时指定了屏幕,或者是用 lv_display_set_default() 明确切换的。

要获取对象的屏幕,请使用 lv_obj_get_screen(obj) 函数。

Events(事件)

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To set an event callback for an object, use lv_obj_add_event_cb(obj, event_cb, LV_EVENT_..., user_data),

To manually send an event to an object, use lv_event_send(obj, LV_EVENT_..., param)

Read the Event overview to learn more about events.


要为对象设置事件回调,请使用 lv_obj_add_event_cb(obj, event_cb, LV_EVENT_..., user_data)

要手动向对象发送事件,请使用 lv_event_send(obj, LV_EVENT_..., param);

阅读 事件概述 页面,以了解有关事件的更多信息。

Styles(样式)

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Be sure to read the Style overview. Here only the most essential functions are described.

A new style can be added to an object with the lv_obj_add_style(obj, &new_style, selector) function. selector is an ORed combination of part and state(s). E.g. LV_PART_SCROLLBAR | LV_STATE_PRESSED.

The base objects use LV_PART_MAIN style properties and LV_PART_SCROLLBAR with the typical background style properties.


这里只介绍最基本的功能,请务必阅读 样式概述。页面详细了解。

可以使用 lv_obj_add_style(obj, &new_style, selector) 函数向对象添加新样式。 selector 可以组合使用。 例如 LV_PART_SCROLLBAR | LV_STATE_PRESSED

基本对象使用 LV_PART_MAIN 样式属性和带有典型背景样式属性的 LV_PART_SCROLLBAR

Flags(宏开关)

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There are some attributes which can be enabled/disabled by lv_obj_add/remove_flag(obj, LV_OBJ_FLAG_...) and lv_obj_set_flag(obj, LV_OBJ_FLAG_..., true/false)

Some examples:


有一些属性可以通过 lv_obj_add/remove_flag(obj, LV_OBJ_FLAG_...)lv_obj_set_flag(obj, LV_OBJ_FLAG_..., true/false) 启用/禁用:

示例:

/*Hide on object*/
lv_obj_add_flag(obj, LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);

/*Make an object non-clickable*/
lv_obj_remove_flag(obj, LV_OBJ_FLAG_CLICKABLE);

Groups(组)

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Read the Input devices overview to learn more about Groups.

Objects are added to a group with lv_group_add_obj(group, obj), and you can use lv_obj_get_group(obj) to see which group an object belongs to.

lv_obj_is_focused(obj) returns if the object is currently focused on its group or not. If the object is not added to a group, false will be returned.


阅读 输入设备概述 以了解有关 Groups 的更多信息。

使用 lv_group_add_obj(group, obj) 将对象添加到组,您可以使用 lv_obj_get_group(obj) 查看对象属于哪个组。

lv_obj_is_focused(obj) 返回对象当前是否聚焦在其组上。 如果对象未添加到组中,则将返回 false

Extended click area(拓展的点击区域)

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By default, the objects can be clicked only within their bounding area. However, this can be extended with lv_obj_set_ext_click_area(obj, size).


默认情况下,只能在其边界区域内单击对象。 但是,这可以通过 lv_obj_set_ext_click_area(obj, size) 进行扩展。

Events(事件)

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Learn more about Events(事件).


详细了解更多 Events(事件)

Keys(按键)

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If LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECKABLE is enabled, LV_KEY_RIGHT and LV_KEY_UP make the object checked, and LV_KEY_LEFT and LV_KEY_DOWN make it unchecked.

If LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLLABLE is enabled, but the object is not editable (as declared by the widget class), the arrow keys (LV_KEY_UP, LV_KEY_DOWN, LV_KEY_LEFT, LV_KEY_RIGHT) scroll the object. If the object can only scroll vertically, LV_KEY_LEFT and LV_KEY_RIGHT will scroll up/down instead, making it compatible with an encoder input device. See Input devices overview for more on encoder behaviors and the edit mode.

Learn more about Keys(按键).


如果启用了 LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECKABLE ,则 LV_KEY_RIGHTLV_KEY_UP 使对象被选中,而 LV_KEY_LEFTLV_KEY_DOWN 使其取消选中。

如果启用了 LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLLABLE ,但对象不可编辑(由组件类声明),则箭头键(LV_KEY_UP, LV_KEY_DOWN, LV_KEY_LEFT, LV_KEY_RIGHT) 滚动对象。 如果对象只能垂直滚动,LV_KEY_RIGHTLV_KEY_LEFT 将改为向上/向下滚动,使其与编码器输入设备兼容。 有关编码器行为和编辑模式的更多信息,请参阅 输入设备概述

了解有关 Keys(按键) 的更多信息。

Example

[English]

Base objects with custom styles

#include "../../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES

void lv_example_obj_1(void)
{
    lv_obj_t * obj1;
    obj1 = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_size(obj1, 100, 50);
    lv_obj_align(obj1, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, -60, -30);

    static lv_style_t style_shadow;
    lv_style_init(&style_shadow);
    lv_style_set_shadow_width(&style_shadow, 10);
    lv_style_set_shadow_spread(&style_shadow, 5);
    lv_style_set_shadow_color(&style_shadow, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE));

    lv_obj_t * obj2;
    obj2 = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj2, &style_shadow, 0);
    lv_obj_align(obj2, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 60, 30);
}
#endif

Make an object draggable

#include "../../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES

static void drag_event_handler(lv_event_t * e)
{
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_event_get_target(e);

    lv_indev_t * indev = lv_indev_active();
    if(indev == NULL)  return;

    lv_point_t vect;
    lv_indev_get_vect(indev, &vect);

    int32_t x = lv_obj_get_x_aligned(obj) + vect.x;
    int32_t y = lv_obj_get_y_aligned(obj) + vect.y;
    lv_obj_set_pos(obj, x, y);
}

/**
 * Make an object draggable.
 */
void lv_example_obj_2(void)
{
    lv_obj_t * obj;
    obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_size(obj, 150, 100);
    lv_obj_add_event_cb(obj, drag_event_handler, LV_EVENT_PRESSING, NULL);

    lv_obj_t * label = lv_label_create(obj);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Drag me");
    lv_obj_center(label);

}
#endif

API

lv_obj_class.h

lv_observer.h

lv_types.h

lv_refr.h

lv_grid.h

lv_flex.h

lv_obj_event.h

lv_obj_scroll.h

lv_obj_pos.h

lv_obj_tree.h

lv_obj_style_gen.h

lv_obj_draw.h

lv_obj_property.h

lv_obj.h

lv_obj_style.h

lv_obj_property_names.h

lv_api_map_v8.h